Lesson 2 - Parts of speech
As in other languages, also in Talikwo words are composed of roots, prefixes and suffixes.
Nouns
In Talikwo singular nouns have the suffix -o, plural nouns the suffix -i.
Examples:
| Talikwo | English | ||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| owto | owti | dog | dogs |
| satwiso | satwisi | sandwitch | sandwitches |
| wilo | wili | human being/son/doughter | human beings/sons/doughters |
| wiliwo | wiliwi | woman/doughter | women/doughters |
| wilolo | wiloli | man/son | men/sons |
The suffix -ol- is needed to have the male form and -iw- to have the female form.
Adjectives/adverbs
The suffix for adjectives and adverbs is -a.
Examples:
| Talikwo | English |
| powa | good/well |
| iowa | young/youthfully |
| luka | red |
| lapita | quick/quickly |
There are adverbs that do not derive from a root.
Examples:
| Talikwo | English |
| alpawaw | at least |
| apawaw | just |
| paltaw | soon |
| as | even |
| iàm | already |
| iàw | here’s/here are |
| iàlaw | yesterday |
| otiaw | today |
| polkaw | tomorrow |
| wow | now |
| wol | only |
| tlo | too much |
These adverbs are roots, from which we can have nouns (adding -o or -i) or other adjectives/adverbs. From otiaw we can have otiàwa, that means “of today”, and otiàwo, that means “the today”. From tlo we have tloa, that mans excessive.
Infinitive of verbs
The suffix for infinitive of verbs is -al, and the accent is on this “a”.
Examples:
| Talikwo | English |
| walal | to do |
| tilal | to say |
| tolpal | to sleep |
| wawko | victory |
| wawki | victories |
| wawka | victorious/victoriously |
| wawkal | to win |
| loto | game |
| loti | games |
| lota | playful/playfully |
| lotal | to play |
| kowoso | confusion |
| kowosi | confusions |
| kowosa | confused |
| kowosal | to confuse |
The article
The definite article in Talikwo is “la”. There are no indefinite article.
Examples:
| Talikwo | English |
| kato | (a) cat |
| la kato | the cat |
| la katolo | the (male) cat |
| la katiwo | the (female) cat |
| la kati | the cats |
| la katoli | the (male) cats |
| la katiwi | the (female) cats |
| la pia kato | my cat |
| alpo | (a) tree |
| la alpo | the tree |
| la alpi | the trees |
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